Animal therapy is a type of therapy that involves an animal with specific characteristics becoming a central part of an individual's treatment. It is based on the premise that pets can be good for human health and wellbeing. This style of therapy can be designed to treat physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive problems, and can be set up as an individual or group program. Many kinds of animals are used in animal therapy, most notably dogs. Cats, horses, elephants, birds, dolphins, rabbits, lizards, and other small animals may also be used to help treat patients.

Animals, especially dogs, are aware of illness and sadness and naturally want to provide companionship and comfort. They can help individuals cope with emotional issues and divert their attention from daily problems. They also help patients develop self-esteem and reduce feelings of loneliness and anxiety. In a group setting, animals can be important catalysts for change, helping improve a person's socialization skills, encourage communication, and increase the ability to focus. In terms of positive physical changes, animals can help patients with motor skill problems. Research has also shown that petting and caring for animals can reduce blood pressure and heart rate and improve survival rates from heart disease.